NEW YORK (ABP) — One day after a shooter killed two sisters at Colorado's New Life Church, Pastor Brady Boyd told reporters the church had become a target because of its size and its notoriety.
But the toll to the former church of Ted Haggard, the pastor accused of homosexual acts and drug abuse, could have been much worse, Boyd quickly added. The church security team quickly and effectively subdued the attacker, a 24-year-old man who ultimately was shot and killed in the attack.
“Because we took extra precautions, we saved a lot of lives yesterday,” Boyd said. “We have had a plan in place here for many years, before I ever came as senior pastor, for situations like this. And for a group of volunteers to be able to pull off an evacuation plan the way they did yesterday was supernatural and unbelievable.”
But what should an average church do to prepare for a violent crisis? What's more, how should staff members prepare a congregation for the unthinkable without terrifying it in the process?
It's helpful to recognize that simply articulating security plans doesn't mean a church is dangerous any more than pointing out emergency exits on an airplane means it will crash. It just means precautions have been taken.
Experts say the first step to ensuring safety is deciding what kind of image a particular church wants to present and then acting on it. Richard Schaber, the risk-control manager for Church Mutual Insurance Company, says there are two basic ways to address security in a church — like a shopping mall or like an airport.
Each method has its own irregularities. Shopping malls have lots of open space, allow for fluid motion of crowds, and have several points of entry and exits. For better or for worse, airports don't.
“Unfortunately when we mostly look at [a church] like a shopping mall, it's very difficult to secure. You've got people coming and going,” Schaber said. But using metal detectors at a single entrance “certainly has an impact on those attending and members. When you treat it like an airport and you're wanding people [with a metal-detecing 'wand'], that doesn't always go over very well.”
Ultimately, there's no one right way to form the plan for a particular church, he said: “You've got to keep what the church wants in mind. How do they want to be seen?”
The essential thing is to make response plans tailored to a specific church, at specific times and in specific scenarios. That begins with forming a security team to identify potential threats. The team should include staff members, volunteers and church members with skills in the medical, military or law-enforcement fields.
Members should then brainstorm threatening scenarios, including events during weekend services, weekdays, nights, school hours and special events.
It's important to remember that each church will have specific needs, experts say. Generic policies may not fit what a particular congregation is able or willing to implement, and misguided or unheeded policies can increase liability, said Phill Martin, deputy chief executive officer of the Texas-based National Association of Church Business Administration.
Churches need to establish clear security policies, but once size does not fit all, he stressed.
“Be careful what policies you put into place,” Martin warned, noting the “boilerplate” language of generic policies may not fit what a particular congregation is able or willing to implement. “If you have a policy and don't follow it, it can increase your liability.”
Security policies should include a sunset clause that renders them void if they are not reviewed and ratified periodically. “A security policy should be reviewed every six months by somebody,” he suggested.
Three of the basic threats to churches are the presence of a weapon, the use of a weapon, and a hostage situation or barricaded gunman. After determining the vulnerability to and potential impact of a worst-case scenario, members should assign each other responsibilities that will minimize damage to people and property. Duties could include locking the building, checking classrooms, calling authorities, conducting head counts, administering first-aid and counseling victims.
A simple step toward mitigating the consequences of any security threat is to improve general building security, according to a newsletter from the Wisconsin-based Church Mutual. Keeping doors and windows locked, installing video cameras and adequate lighting, trimming bushes and changing locks annually can prevent a crisis before it starts.
Small churches that can't afford or don't need to hire professional security should reach an understanding with local police about what to do in a crisis. Networking with community schools or area churches also is valuable.
Once a team is formed and a safety plan established, church staff should inform the congregation so that panic doesn't overwhelm them if a gunman enters the building.
A crime-prevention checklist from Brotherhood Mutual Insurance Company suggests using announcements during services to outline evacuation plans, show emergency exits and explain how children will be protected in the nursery. It also suggests posting emergency policies on walls, printing them in the church bulletin, posting them on websites and printing them in visitor packets.
Unfortunately, as worshipers at New Life Church know, the impact of a crisis doesn't stop after danger is eliminated. A key responsibility of any safety team is to designate a spokesperson for media inquiries — and depending on the nature of the crisis, it could be a huge task.
According to experts, church employees and members should direct all media questions to the designated person — usually a pastor, business administrator or board chairman. A communication plan should be included in the overall security plan, they said. Pstors should neither seek nor hide from media coverage, and they should be ready to respond to media questions with more than a “no comment.”
“Your spokesperson needs to realize how the media coverage will affect the families and the victims,” Shaber wrote in a column for Church Mutual. “Above all, tell the truth.”
Boyd took the expert advice to heart — and it paid off.
Hundreds of lives were saved because of the pre-determined plan, he told reporters. “We are grateful to God for giving us the wisdom to do that….”
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— This story is part of a three-part series on church security. Ken Camp contributed to this story.