WASHINGTON (RNS)—A growing tide of young Americans is drifting away from the religions of their childhood—and most of them are ending up in no religion at all.
One in four young adults choose “unaffiliated” when asked about their religion, according to a new report from the Public Religion Research Institute and Georgetown University’s Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs.
But most within this unaffiliated group—55 percent—identified with a religious group when they were younger.
Researchers found Millennials to be a morally divided generation, with 50 percent of respondents claiming truth depends on the situation and 45 percent believing in universal rights and wrongs.
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“These younger unaffiliated adults are very nonreligious,” said Daniel Cox, PRRI’s research director. “They demonstrate much lower levels of religiosity than we see in the general population,” including participation in religious rituals or worship services.
Some of them will return to their faiths as they age, “but there’s not a lot of evidence that most will come back,” added Cox, who said the trend away from organized religion dates back to the early 1990s.
The study of 2,013 Americans ages 18-24 focused on the younger end of the cohort commonly known as the “Millennials” or “Generation Y,” which generally includes young adults as old as 29. Interviews were conducted between March 7 and 20.
Across denominations, the net losses were uneven, with Catholics losing the highest proportion of childhood adherents—nearly 8 percent—followed by white mainline Protestant traditions, which lost 5 percent.
Among Catholics, whites were twice as likely as Hispanics to say they are no longer affiliated with the church.
White evangelical and black denominations fared better, with a net loss of about 1 percent. Non-Christian groups posted a modest 1 percent net increase in followers.
But the only group that saw significant growth between childhood and young adulthood was the unaffiliated—a jump from 11 percent to 25 percent.
The study also posed a wide range of questions to the group, from their views on the Tea Party to labor unions to same-sex marriage.
It also delved into more philosophical territory, questioning whether younger Millennials’ moral views are more universal (there is always a right and wrong) or contextual (it depends on the situation).
The researchers found a morally divided generation, with 50 percent of respondents placing themselves in the contextual category and 45 percent believing in universal rights and wrongs.
Answers to questions on the nature of morality varied widely depending on political party affiliation, education and religion, with the most dramatic differences correlating with religion.
An overwhelming majority of white evangelical Protestants (68 percent) said they believe that some things are always wrong, compared to 49 percent of black Protestants, 45 percent of Catholics and 35 percent of the unaffiliated.
More specifically, on social issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage, younger Millennials hardly think as a group. “We see some really stark divides,” said Cox, which he said belies the conventional wisdom that bills this as the “Kumbaya” generation, in which everyone understands each other and gets along.
“It’s something to watch as these folks start moving through society and start to vote regularly,” he said.
Specifically:
- A sweeping majority of the religiously unaffiliated (82 percent) said abortion should be legal in all or most cases. More than two-thirds of religiously affiliated non-Christians agreed.
- White evangelical Protestants were most opposed to abortion, with nearly 9 in 10 (88 percent) saying it should be illegal in all or most cases. Among Latino Protestants, 71 percent shared this belief. Catholics were more divided, with 48 percent saying abortion should mostly be legal and 51 percent disagreeing.
- On same-sex marriage, nearly six in 10 younger Millennials (59 percent) approved, with distinctions among religious groups generally mirroring those on abortion.
Lauren Markoe writes for Religion News Service.